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Deliverability is a precondition, not a tactic

Since the bulk-sender rules came into force, an unauthenticated send is not a worse send — it is a rejected one. The requirements are short, public and testable, and most of the work happens weeks before the first email.

Antiqore6 min read

Everything else we write about here — the brief, the evidence, the disqualification rules — assumes the message reaches an inbox. That assumption used to be safe. It is not any more, and the failure mode is not a lower open rate. It is a permanent rejection at the door.

What actually changed

Google and Yahoo published requirements for senders above 5,000 messages a day, and enforcement is now active rather than advisory. Non-compliant bulk mail draws a permanent 550 rejection, which is a different category of problem from landing in spam: there is no folder to be rescued from.

RequirementThe number
SPF and DKIM on the sending domainBoth, not either
DMARC record presentPolicy may be p=none
From: header alignmentMust align with the SPF domain or the DKIM domain
Spam rate in Postmaster ToolsBelow 0.30% required, below 0.10% recommended
One-click unsubscribeRFC 8058, honoured within two days
TransportTLS
Sending domain or IPValid forward and reverse DNS (PTR)

None of that is difficult. All of it is checkable before you send, and the reason to check is that the alternative is discovering it from a bounce log after a week of sending.

The 0.10% is the real limit

Two thresholds get quoted, and the gap between them is where people get hurt. 0.30% is where enforcement bites. 0.10% is where you should be operating, because reputation is a lagging indicator: by the time the dashboard shows you have crossed the line, the sends that caused it went out days ago and the recovery is measured in weeks of reduced volume.

At 0.10%, one complaint in a thousand is your entire budget. That is a targeting constraint long before it is a technical one — which is the actual argument for researching a smaller list properly rather than sending a larger one hopefully.

One complaint per thousand is the whole budget. That is a targeting problem wearing a deliverability costume.

The part that has to happen first

Authentication proves identity. It does not create reputation, and a domain with no history has none. Volume arriving suddenly from a domain registered last week is indistinguishable from the thing the filters exist to stop.

  • Send from a subdomain, not the domain that carries your corporate mail — a burned reputation should not take your invoices with it.
  • Register and let it age before it sends anything of consequence.
  • Ramp volume gradually rather than opening at target rate.
  • Set up Postmaster Tools before the first campaign, so you have a baseline to compare against rather than only an alarm.
  • Keep suppression global across every campaign and every mailbox, not per-sequence.

Where this meets the rest of the work

A one-click unsubscribe honoured within two days is a deliverability requirement. It is also, in the EU, the mechanism behind an Article 21 objection, which we wrote about in what legitimate interest actually covers. The same suppression list satisfies both, and a team that keeps suppression per-campaign fails both at the same time.

The connection worth holding on to is this: every requirement above gets easier as the list gets smaller and better. Authentication is fixed work. Reputation is a function of how many people you contacted who did not want to hear from you — which is a research problem, and the reason our evidence standard drops a company it cannot source rather than sending to it anyway.

Frequently asked questions

What counts as a bulk sender?
Google's threshold is more than 5,000 messages a day to Gmail accounts. It is measured per sending domain, so splitting across subdomains changes which domain is assessed but not whether the rules apply to the volume you send.
What spam rate is acceptable?
Google requires spam rates reported in Postmaster Tools to stay below 0.30%, and separately recommends staying below 0.10%. Treat 0.30% as the cliff and 0.10% as the operating limit — by the time you can see 0.30% in the dashboard, the reputational damage is already done and takes weeks to unwind.
How quickly must an unsubscribe be honoured?
Within two days. The one-click mechanism in RFC 8058 sends your endpoint a POST when someone unsubscribes; the two-day window is for the suppression to take effect across every campaign, not just the one they clicked from.
Does DMARC have to be set to reject?
No. Google requires a DMARC record to exist for the sending domain, and the policy may be p=none. What is not optional is alignment: the domain in the From: header has to align with either the SPF domain or the DKIM domain.
Why do new domains fail even when authentication is correct?
Authentication proves who you are, not that you are welcome. A domain with no sending history has no reputation, and volume arriving from nowhere looks like exactly what it looks like. The ramp is not superstition — it is how a reputation gets built at all.